
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is a region of space located at a distance of approximately 160 km to 2,000 km from the surface of World. This region is a critical area for space research and communication like modern space missions. Due to its proximity to Earth, LEO enables satellites to establish and maintain their orbits more efficiently and operate with greater effectiveness.【1】Characteristics of Low Earth OrbitBecause LEO is located at a relatively close distance to Earth’s surface, satellites in th
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Doğan Eşkinat
AlAluminum alloys play a critical role in the aerospace industry. Aluminum has become an indispensable material in these sectors due to its lightness high strength and corrosion resistance like. In aviation it is used in airplane structures engine components and interior fittings while in space technologies it is frequently preferred for rocket engines spacecraft and structural elements.Key Properties of Aluminum AlloysAluminum is a metal known for its lightness and high durability. However pure p
ENMehmet Eren Yolcu
T3On the T3 Podcast, we examine the conversation titled "Service from Space to Earth" with Hasan Hüseyin Ertok, General Manager of Türksat. The discussion explores Türksat’s rich history, ongoing critical projects, and its vision for younger generations within the framework of the National Technology Initiative.The History and Development of TürksatTürksat’s experience in satellite communications dates back to the 1970s during the PTT era. This expertise was solidified with the launch of the first
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T3 Akademi

Bilge Demirköz is a Turkish physicist renowned for her pioneering research in cosmic rays, space radiation, and astroparticle physics. A faculty member in the Department of Physics at Middle East Technical University (METU), Demirköz has made significant scientific contributions at both national and international levels. She is particularly recognized for her work on high-energy space particles, dark matter research, and space technologies.Life and EducationBilge Demirköz’s interest in science i
ENSeviye Nur Gönülölmez

Tekever is a defense and technology company founded in Portugal in 2001. The company operates in the fields of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), AI-powered data processing systems, and space technologies. Headquartered in Lisbon, Tekever also has operational offices in the United Kingdom and France. The company is known for its dual-use systems developed for both civilian and military applications. Its UAV systems are used by European Union and UK institutions for border security, environmental m
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Ömer Said Aydın

The Baykar-Leonardo Partnership Agreement in Unmanned Technologies is a cooperation agreement signed on 6 March 2025 between Baykar, a company linked to leader, and Leonardo, a company associated with Europe through defense industry.Agreement aims to enable the two companies to produce SİHA in Italy by combining Baykar’s advanced technologies in unmanned aerial vehicles and artificial intelligence with Leonardo’s expertise in mission systems, payloads, and certification, and to extend this colla
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Edanur Karakoç

İMECE is Türkiye’s first domestically developed Earth observation satellite with sub-meter resolution, utilizing national capabilities. The project was undertaken to design, manufacture, and test satellite subsystems—including a high-resolution electro-optic satellite camera—entirely within Türkiye.Developed by TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute, the satellite was implemented under the coordination of the Ministry of National Defense and the Presidency of Defense Industries, with supp
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Zelal Çakar

ROKETSAN – Micro Satellite Launch System (MUFS) is a national space launch system development project coordinated by the Presidency of Defense Industries (SSB) with the aim of enabling Türkiye to achieve independent access to space. The project is led by ROKETSAN and consists of the Micro Satellite Launch Vehicle (MUFA), a domestic launch center, and measurement and tracking systems. MUFS aims to enable Türkiye to launch small satellites into low Earth orbit using national capabilities.Historica
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Ali Gözükara

Next-generation communication satellites are advanced technological systems developed to deliver traditional satellite services—such as television broadcasting, multimedia applications, mobile and fixed internet access, and secure communications—with higher performance and cost efficiency. These satellites are distinguished by innovative design approaches such as "Small-GEO" (compact communication satellites) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations.Modern communication satellites represent a si
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Ömer Said Aydın

TÜRKSAT 6A is Türkiye’s first fully domestic and nationally developed communications satellite. It was produced through a collaboration between TUSAŞ, ASELSAN, and CTech under the project management of TÜBİTAK UZAY. The satellite, with a launch mass of approximately 4.2 tons and a 16-year operational lifespan, is operating in a geostationary orbit at 42° East. Equipped with more than 20 transponders across different frequency bands, TÜRKSAT 6A provides communication and broadcasting services cov
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Zelal Çakar