Plane Stress

Plane stress describes the condition in which stresses are zero along one plane. This condition typically applies to thin plates. Because the thickness direction of the material is significantly smaller compared to the other directions, negligible stress develops in this direction and is assumed to be zero (σz = σxz = σyz = 0). Thus, only the stresses in the x and y directions (σx, σy, τxy) are considered.

An increase in the number of equations in theoretical and numerical calculations leads to longer computation times. When plane stress is assumed, the dimensions of the stress tensor and its corresponding matrix are reduced. Normally represented by a three-dimensional matrix (3x3), the stress state becomes a two-dimensional matrix (2x2) under the plane stress assumption. This reduces the number of equations in the problem and shortens the solution time.

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• The plane stress condition can be applied to structural elements such as thin metal sheets or plastics. Because their thickness is much smaller than other dimensions, stresses in the thickness direction can be neglected.

• The plane stress condition can also be applied to thin components such as exterior panels of vehicles.

• The plane stress condition is suitable for structural elements such as aircraft wings or automobile bodies made from thin sheets. In such structures, stresses in the thickness direction are typically negligible.

• Composite materials are generally composed of thin layers. When stresses in the thickness direction are significantly lower than those in other directions, the plane stress condition can be applied.