GrGroup theory is a field concerned with the study of mathematical structures and symmetries. This theory is one of the foundational pillars of algebra and plays a critical role in understanding many mathematical and physical systems. Group theory finds applications not only in abstract mathematics but also in various disciplines such as physics chemistry computer science and even music.Basic PropertiesA group consists of a set and a binary operation defined on that set satisfying certain rules. M
ENIrem Ipek

Strobogrammatic numbers are defined as numbers that appear identical when rotated 180°. This property is related to the rotational symmetry of the digits.Valid DigitsIn the decimal system, only certain digits possess strobogrammatic properties:0 → 01 → 18 → 86 ↔ 9Other digits do not form valid numbers when rotated. Therefore, strobogrammatic numbers can only be constructed using these digits.Structure and RulesSingle-digit strobogrammatic numbers: 0, 1 and 8.In multi-digit numbers, only the pair
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Feyzanur Çınar

In architectural history, the concepts of symmetry and asymmetry, as fundamental principles of aesthetic and structural organization, play a central role in the formal composition and spatial design of buildings. These concepts not only shape the visual aesthetics of structures but also influence users’ spatial perception, psychological impressions, and the functional balance of the building.The use of symmetrical or asymmetrical arrangements in a building’s design affects how space is perceived
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Esra Özkafa

Renaissance architecture is an architectural approach that emerged in 15th-century Italy through the reinterpretation of the fundamental principles of ancient Roman architecture. The term, meaning “rebirth,” established symmetry, proportion, geometry, and harmony with nature as the primary principles of architectural design, grounded in a human-centered worldview. Buildings were no longer constructed solely for functional purposes but also as aesthetic, intellectual, and social representations.
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Esra Özkafa

Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style that emerged in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, shaped by a renewed intellectual interest in ancient Greek and Roman architecture. It arose as a reaction against the ornate decoration of Baroque and Rococo, basing itself on principles of simplicity, symmetry, proportion, and the reinterpretation of classical forms. Derived from the Greek word "neos" (new) and the Latin "classicus" (classical), this term influenced not only archit
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Esra Özkafa