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Bağ-ı Eram is a historic Islamic garden located in Shiraz, the capital of Persian province in southern Iran, and is regarded as one of the finest examples of Iranian Islamic art and Qajar architectural aesthetics. The Persian word “Eram” (Arabic: “Iram”) alludes to the paradise descriptions in the Quran, thus “Eram Garden” means “Garden of Paradise.” This garden, listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, holds a unique position among Islamic gardens due to its aesthetic relationship with nature

He was the founder and most significant ruler of the short-lived Zand Dynasty that ruled Iran in the eighteenth century. His real name was Karim Khan, and he belonged to the Zend-i Begile branch of the Zend tribe. He rose to prominence during the period of political chaos that began with the collapse of the Safavids and the death of Nader Shah in 1747.Life and Political ActivitiesKarim Khan was the son of Inaq Khan, a leader of the Lur-origin Zend tribe. In his youth, he served in Nader Shah’s a

Şiraze (Persian: شیرازه) is the term used in Ottoman bookbinding art for the braided strip woven at the head and tail ends of a book’s spine. The term is believed to have Persian origins and derives its name from the city of Şiraz. Indeed, the Kâmûs-ı Türkî includes the explanation: “Perhaps it was invented in the city of Şîrâz and thus named.”【1】 Lexical Meanings and Derivatives In Ottoman Turkish dictionaries, şiraze refers not only to the fine braided strips woven at both ends of a book’s bin

Kerim Han Kalesi is a historical structure located in the center of Shiraz, in Persian Province, Iran. It is also known locally as "Arg-e Kerim Inn". This monumental complex was built in the 18th century by Karim Khan Zand, founder and ruler of the Zand Dynasty (reigned 1751–1779). The fortress was designed as both a defensive stronghold and a royal residence.Exterior View of the Fortress (Photo: Duygu Şahinler)" image-alternate="" image-element-format="right">The Fortress Garden (Photo: Duyg