
In architecture, the concepts of “mass” and “volume” are regarded as fundamental design components that constitute the physical presence of a building. Mass defines the formal unity of a building as perceived from the outside; volume, by contrast, refers to the interior spatial emptiness enclosed by this mass and made available for use.The mass-volume relationship not only determines the physical character of a building but also shapes the user’s perception and experience of space. These two con
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Esra Özkafa
OdOdunpazarı Modern Museum (OMM) is a contemporary art museum located in the Odunpazarı district of Eskişehir. Opened on 7 July 2019, this building was designed by the Japanese architectural firm Kengo Kuma and Associates. In addition to serving as a space for exhibiting modern art, the museum is also notable for its architectural design. As a space that presents modern art in harmony with the region’s historical fabric, OMM makes a significant contribution to Eskişehir’s cultural structure.Archit
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Sümeyra Uzun

In architecture, ergonomics is a design approach grounded in human-environment interaction, aiming to create healthy, safe, and comfortable living and working spaces that align with human physical, psychological, and social needs. Within the framework of architecture’s fundamental objective—human-centered design—ergonomics seeks to enable users to move physically comfortably within built environments, perform activities efficiently in functional spaces, and experience psychologically secure and
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Esra Özkafa
YıGeneral InformationThe Kocaeli Stadium is located in the area of Ali Kahya Sports Facilities in eastern Kocaeli, approximately 7 kilometers from the city center. Designed to serve as one of Kocaeli’s iconic structures, the stadium has a total built-up area of approximately 90,000 square meters. Stadium has a seating capacity of around 35,000, including VIP and UEFA-compliant seats. In addition to the 752 chair-capacity loge section, there are a total of 187 loges across the east and west stands.
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Burak Enes

Türk Telekom Opera Hall is a performing arts hall located within the building of the Atatürk Cultural Center (AKM) in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district. It was completed and opened for use in 2021 as part of the reconstruction project carried out by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Türkiye. The venue has been allocated for use by various art institutions, primarily the Istanbul State Opera and Ballet Directorate.Physical Location and Administrative AffiliationThe hall is located
ENElyesa Köseoğlu
ÖzÖzlüce Underground City is located in the center of Özlüce Village, approximately 6 kilometers west of Kaymaklı town, along the Nevşehir–Derinkuyu highway. The village was known as "Zeile" in the Middle Ages and later referred to as "Zile." The area exhibits the typical characteristics of a Greek (Rum) village.Özlüce Underground City (T.C. Nevşehir Valiliği)Architectural and Geological FeaturesAt the entrance of the underground city, there are two interconnected arched chambers constructed from
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Melike Saraç

One of the fundamental elements of architectural design, circulation, refers to the systems of movement and access that directly influence the functioning of a building or space and the user experience. Circulation plays a decisive role in organizing transitions between spaces, ensuring functional coherence, and designing user guidance. According to Ching (2002), circulation is not only a physical means of passage but also a design element that shapes spatial perception and wayfinding behavior.
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Esra Özkafa

Architecture is a multidisciplinary field concerned with shaping the physical environment, integrating aesthetic, functional, and technical considerations. It provides solutions to fundamental human needs such as shelter, production, education, transportation, and cultural activity, while simultaneously operating as an activity deeply embedded within social, historical, environmental, and technological contexts.Architecture has evolved over time as both a theoretical and practical domain of know
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Sümeyye Akkanat Terzioğlu

Tower Bridge (Tower Bridge), spanning the River Thames, connects the eastern and western sections of London. It was constructed in response to the growing population and intensifying commercial traffic in the late 19th century, which rendered the existing London Bridge inadequate. The bridge was designed to accommodate both road traffic and uninterrupted river vessel passage.Architecturally and engineering-wise, the bridge is notable for its bascule system. Its structure, supported by two large
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Fatmanur Mavibaş

The story of a building is a multilayered process of reading that deciphers more than its physical form—it unfolds through historical references, urban morphology, perceptual relationships with the human body, and structural heritage. Like a literary work, architectural production transforms into a readable system shaped over time by environmental factors and preceding structures. Various theoretical approaches and analytical methods are employed to read a building’s urban, bodily, and historica
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Almina Ecenur Ergünay