Remains of Hagios Tryphon Church

The Church of Hagios Tryphonos is a historical religious structure located on Atatürk Avenue in the İznik district of Bursa Province.^【1】

There is no scientific certainty regarding the original name or exact construction date of the church. Its dating is based on architectural materials, plan type, and wall construction techniques, placing it within the period between the 11th and 13th centuries. Byzantine sources record that Emperor Theodore II of the Empire of Nicaea issued an order for the reconstruction of the existing Church of Saint Martin Tryphonos within the city.^【2】

The structure was built on a rectangular floor plan oriented along an east-west axis. In terms of plan type, it represents the “four freely supported closed Greek cross” scheme. The column remnants and bases forming the building’s load-bearing system were made of marble.^【3】

The alternating wall technique was employed in the construction of the building. The wall masonry system consists of a regular arrangement of one course of rubble stone alternating with two or four courses of brick.^【4】

Small fragments of glass mosaic discovered among scattered rubble within the site provide scientific evidence that the church was once decorated with mosaic art.^【5】