Beşikdüzü (District)

Beşikdüzü is a coastal district located in the western part of Trabzon Province in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye. The district extends along the coastline and is distinguished by its natural beauty, reflecting the unique geographical characteristics of the Black Sea. Beşikdüzü’s agricultural identity is defined by its hazelnut production.

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When examining the historical depth of Beşikdüzü, it becomes evident that the region has been inhabited since ancient times. Although archaeological studies have not yet been comprehensive, historical sources and surface surveys indicate that the earliest settlements date back to around 2000 BCE. Throughout history, the area has been part of the domains of significant civilizations including the Kingdom of Colchis, the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and the Empire of Trebizond. With the Ottoman Empire’s dominance over the Black Sea, Beşikdüzü was recorded as a village under the Sanjak of Trabzon. For many years, it was administered as part of the Vakfıkebir district until it gained municipal status in 1955 and was officially established as an independent district on 9 May 1990. While there are differing views regarding the origin of its name, the most widely accepted explanation is that it derives from the natural cove known as “Beşik,” which provided shelter for ships along the coast. This natural harbor is also believed to have played an important role in maritime trade in the past.

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Beşikdüzü is strategically situated on the Black Sea coast to the west of Trabzon city center. Its neighbors include Vakfıkebir to the east, the Eynesil district of Giresun Province to the west, and the Şalpazarı district within Trabzon’s inland areas to the south. The district’s terrain is generally rugged and mountainous; however, narrow and fertile plains extend parallel to the Black Sea coastline. Small rivers originating from the district’s land flow into the Black Sea. Beşikdüzü experiences all the characteristic features of the typical Black Sea climate. Summers are warm and rainy, while winters are generally mild with occasional snowfall. The consistent annual rainfall is a fundamental factor supporting the richness and lush greenery of the district’s natural vegetation. Humidity levels are high along the coast and gradually decrease toward the inland areas.

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The economy of Beşikdüzü has traditionally been based on agriculture, trade, and fishing. In agriculture, hazelnut cultivation is one of the district’s most important sources of income, and Beşikdüzü is renowned for its high-quality hazelnuts. In addition to hazelnuts, local residents also grow maize, tea, kiwi, and various vegetables and fruits. Due to its long coastline along the Black Sea, fishing is a vital livelihood, particularly for communities living along the shore. Anchovy, horse mackerel, and other Black Sea fish contribute significantly to the local economy. In the district center, there is a vibrant commercial life centered on the buying and selling of agricultural products and small-scale industrial goods. In recent years, tourism has begun to develop gradually, increasing its contribution to the district’s economy.

Beşikdüzü and its surroundings contain several historical structures that have survived from the past. These include mosques dating from the Ottoman period, fountains reflecting the architectural features of that era, and traditional wooden houses exemplifying characteristic Black Sea architecture (Trabzon Culture and Tourism Directorate). Particularly in villages along the coast and certain inland settlements, old buildings that reflect the region’s cultural and architectural heritage can still be seen. However, compared to other historically rich districts in the Black Sea Region, the number of large and well-preserved historical monuments in Beşikdüzü is relatively limited.

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Beşikdüzü is an attractive destination for domestic tourists, especially during the summer months, thanks to its natural beauty and tranquil atmosphere. The beaches along the district center and the Black Sea coast provide ideal spaces for visitors seeking to swim and enjoy the sun. Additionally, the district’s lush green hills and natural landscapes offer suitable environments for outdoor activities such as hiking, picnicking, and photography. Various restaurants serving local cuisine and diverse accommodation options are also available. However, Beşikdüzü’s tourism potential has not yet been fully realized, and there are many aspects of this sector that remain open to development.

Beşikdüzü constitutes an important part of the rich and distinctive cultural heritage of the Black Sea Region. The local cuisine stands out through its fresh seafood and unique dishes made with corn flour, such as karalahana sarması, anchovy pilaf, muhlama, and other regional delicacies. Horon, a lively folk dance performed to the rhythmic music of the Black Sea, is a significant cultural expression of the local population. Traditional crafts such as wood carving and weaving continue to be practiced today. In addition, the local dialect known as Beşikdüzü speech, with its distinctive vocabulary and pronunciation, is recognized as an important component of the region’s culture.

Educational services in Beşikdüzü are coordinated by the District National Education Directorate. The district hosts schools covering various educational levels, from preschool through primary, secondary, and high school (Beşikdüzü National Education Directorate). These educational institutions meet the learning needs of the younger generation in Beşikdüzü and play a vital role in preparing them for the future.