`ruj-effect` Related Article Results

The lipstick effect refers to a consumer behavior in which, during periods of economic stagnation or crisis, individuals—particularly women—reduce their overall spending but increase purchases of attractiveness-enhancing, relatively low-cost products such as cosmetics and personal care items. The concept is based on the tendency for consumers to seek mood improvement through smaller, affordable indulgences during economic hardship, substituting expensive luxury goods with more accessible alterna