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One day, you read a piece of news that completely alters the course of your life. The day before, no one had taken the possibility seriously. Experts were discussing a different scenario, and plans had been made based on a different future. Then everything changed in an instant, and when we look back, we feel as if it had always been obvious. This strange experience has a name: Black Swan. Why Does the Color of Swans Matter? For centuries, people in Europe believed all swans were white. This see

Pascal’s Wager is a pragmatic argument advanced by 17th-century French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal in his work Pensées (Thoughts), asserting that believing in God or acting as if God exists is a rational choice. This approach treats the question of belief not as an epistemic problem of proof but as a decision-making process under uncertainty, based on the premise that theoretical reason cannot definitively prove or disprove God’s existence. Recognized as a pivotal moment in the h