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Biophilic design is the integration of natural elements into the built environment to strengthen humans’ innate connection with nature. This concept is based on the “biophilia hypothesis,” proposed by biologist Edward O. Wilson in 1984. According to Wilson, humans are biologically programmed to form bonds with nature, and when this connection is severed, it leads to stress, difficulty concentrating, and unhappiness.Core Principles of Biophilic DesignNatural Light and Ventilation: Large windows a

Light, one of the fundamental elements of architectural design, directly influences how space is perceived, interpreted, and experienced. Light does not merely define the boundaries of architectural space; it also shapes the aesthetic, functional, and psychological layers that constitute the identity of space. The central position of the concept of space in architectural theory further underscores the significance of light in this context. Theorists such as S. Gidion, B. Zevi, and Schulz have re