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TROY is a payment system developed to meet Türkiye’s need for a domestic payment infrastructure and launched in 2016 under the umbrella of the Interbank Card Center. TROY, defined as the domestic payment method embedded on bank cards, credit cards, and prepaid cards, has been opened for joint use by financial institutions in Türkiye. Over time, it has become valid across nearly the entire domestic transaction network and, through collaborations with international card schemes, has gained availab

Juche (Korean: 주체) is the official state ideology of Korea and is regarded as a component of the Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism system, which is based on the ideas of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. North Korean sources identify Kim Il Sung as the founder of this ideology. Although initially perceived as an extension of Marxism-Leninism, Kim Jong Il began defining Juche in the 1970s as a distinct and original ideology. His interpretations during the 1980s and 1990s further distanced it from Marxism-Leni

The 160-Year American Quest for Greenland Greenland may have recently returned to the center of global politics due to Donald Trump’s aggressive overtures, but as early as 160 years ago, debates in the United States Congress echoed the belief that Greenland needed to be acquired. Among the most ardent advocates of this idea was William H. Seward, then Secretary of State and one of the architects of American expansionism. According to a report prepared by Seward in 1868, Greenland stood out as a