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Instrumental Reason, in its most general definition, is a mode of thinking focused on identifying the most effective and efficient means to achieve predetermined goals. This form of reasoning prioritizes the utility and functionality of actions or ideas in reaching a specific objective, rather than questioning their intrinsic values such as truth or goodness, or their moral consequences. The goals themselves are not subject to rational scrutiny; reason assumes the role of an instrument or tool s

Symbolic violence is a concept developed by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and refers to the indirect and invisible pressures individuals experience within social building. Unlike traditional physical violence, symbolic violence compels individuals to submit to social norms and power structures, either consciously or unconsciously. This process is legitimized through social institutions such as education, media, family and religion like, and becomes perceived as a “natural” reality by indivi

Parasite, directed by South Korean filmmaker Bong Joon-ho and released in 2019, has emerged as one of the most significant films in contemporary cinema in its exploration of class relations. The film won the Palme d’Or at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival and, at the 2020 Academy Awards, became the first non-English language film to win the award for Best Picture.【1】Blending black comedy, thriller, and drama, the film critically examines class inequality in modern capitalist society through the lens