DeDeep Neural Networks (DNNs) are a subclass of artificial neural networks, consisting of multilayer structures with at least two or more hidden layers. Inspired by the human brain, these structures are composed of neurons, weights, bias values, and activation functions. Each neuron aggregates incoming signals, processes them through an activation function, and transmits the result to the next layer.The "depth" of DNNs is measured by the number of hidden layers they contain. For example, a neural
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Ahmet Burak Taner

Deep Learning is a subfield of machine learning, which itself is a branch of artificial intelligence. Generally, artificial intelligence refers to systems that emulate human-like capabilities, while machine learning encompasses a set of algorithms that learn from data and improve over time. The term Deep Learning specifically describes methods that utilize Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Similar to neurons in the human brain, artificial neural networks consist of nodes (neurons) and connection
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BetĂŒl KırımlıoÄlu

VGG19 is a deep convolutional neural network developed for visual recognition tasks. Proposed in 2014 by the Oxford University Visual Geometry Group (VGG), this model is a deeper variant of VGG16. Comprising a total of 19 layers, its architecture aims to learn more complex patterns by employing small convolutional filters (3Ă3) in a stacked configuration.VGG19 ArchitectureThe VGG19 architecture is based on design principles similar to those of VGG16. Each convolutional layer uses 3Ă3 filters, wh
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Kaan GĂŒmele

ResNeXt is a CNN architecture designed to improve accuracy in deep convolutional neural networks while maintaining parameter efficiency. Proposed in 2017 by Facebook AI Research (FAIR), this design enhances the residual connection principle of ResNet by integrating the group-based discrete transformation concept from the Inception architecture. The key innovation of ResNeXt lies in aggregating multiple transformations within the same structure across parallel branches (cardinality).Foundations o
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Kaan GĂŒmele

Dropout is a regularization method developed to prevent overfitting in deep learning models and is now widely used. It was first proposed by Geoffrey Hinton and colleagues in 2012 and later thoroughly analyzed in 2014 under the leadership of Nitish Srivastava.Illustration of the dropout working principle (generated by Artificial Intelligence)" image-alternate="" image-element-format="right">Working MechanismDropout is a regularization technique designed to prevent overfitting in deep neural n
ENYaÄmur Nur KĂŒĂ§ĂŒkarslan

Image processing is the process of analyzing, transforming, and interpreting digital images by computers. Thanks to this technology, machines can perform various tasks by processing the data visible to the human eye in numerical form. Image processing systems are developed to detect patterns, objects, faces, or texts within visuals and derive meaning from this data.HistoryImage processing technologies first emerged in the 1960s through digital image analysis systems developed by NASA for space r
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HĂŒsnĂŒ Umut Okur

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is an artificial intelligence approach that combines the fundamental principles of reinforcement learning (RL) with the representational power of deep learning (DL). This method enables an agent to learn a policy through trial and error in an environment, with the goal of maximizing the total future rewards. DRL employs deep neural networks to perform this process in high-dimensional and complex state spaces.Historical BackgroundThe origins of reinforcement lear
ENEmre Emer

YOLO is an object detection algorithm that simultaneously predicts the location and class of all objects in an image through a single pass of a neural network. YOLO, which holds a prominent place in the fields of artificial intelligence and deep learning, is particularly preferred in video processing and autonomous systems due to its real-time analysis capability. YOLOâs most distinctive feature is its ability to detect objects in a single step, delivering efficient results in terms of both spee
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Semih YeĆil
LoThe loss function is one of the fundamental tools used in machine learning and statistical modeling to measure a modelâs predictive performance. It converts the difference between the predicted value and the true value into a numerical measure that indicates how accurate or inaccurate the modelâs predictions are. Loss functions not only quantify the error rate but also provide information on how the model should be optimized. They play a critical role in training models in fields such as deep le
ENYusuf ĂaÄan Ceylan

Docker is an open-source platform used to run software applications in isolated, portable containers. Unlike virtual machines, containers are isolated at the operating system level and require fewer resources. In particular, Docker provides significant advantages in artificial intelligence (AI) projects by enhancing portability, reproducibility, and dependency management. For instance, Docker resolves common issues such as âenvironment reproducibilityâ and dependency conflicts in machine learnin
ENHatice Sebla Karabunar