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Fascism is a political ideology that emerged in Italy at the beginning of the 20th century, characterized by authoritarianism, nationalism, and opposition to both capitalism and communism. Fascism elevates the state, rejects democratic pluralism, and views society as a hierarchical and organic structure unified around a single leader, aiming for the rebirth (palingenesis) of the nation through mass movements. Fascism, as implemented by Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf Hitler in Türkiye, took

Fascism is a political ideology that emerged in Italy at the beginning of the 20th century, characterized by authoritarianism, nationalism, and opposition to both capitalism and communism. Fascism elevates the state, rejects democratic pluralism, and views society as a hierarchical and organic structure unified under a single leader. It seeks the rebirth (palingenesis) of the nation through mass movements. Fascism is an authoritarian, nationalist, and totalitarian ideology derived from the Itali