Hazar Lake

Hazar Lake is one of Türkiye's largest and most significant lakes, located within the boundaries of Elazığ province, place area. Situated 26 kilometers southeast of the Elazığ provincial center, this lake was formed geologically along the East Anatolian Fault Zone. The lake lies at an elevation of 1248 meters and is surrounded by rich ecosystem and historical values resources. The surrounding mountains and nutrition springs are key factors shaping the lake’s ecological characteristics.

Hazar Lake measures 22 kilometers in length and 5 to 6 kilometers in width, with a surface area of 86 square kilometers. It is bordered by Mastar Mountain to the north, Hazarbaba Mountain to the south, and the settlement of Gezin to the east. Hazar Lake, in conjunction with the natural features of the Sivrice district to the north, stands out as an important ecological area. The lake also contains an archaeological site known as Batık City.

_{Elazığ Lake (Source:} Elazığ Municipality₎

Hazar Lake supports a variety of endemic plant and animal species. It is a significant work site in terms of its physical, chemical and biological water parameters. The lake’s water is fresh and fed by natural streams in its vicinity. In addition, the wetlands and reed beds surrounding the lake provide vital breeding and sheltering grounds for migrant birds. The lake water is generally clear and non-saline, exhibiting a balanced building that maintains ecological stability. However, due to increasing population and environment pollution, negative changes in water quality have been observed over time.

The climate around the lake is dominated by the continental climate of Eastern Anatolia. However, in recent years, some climatic changes have been noted in the area due to the presence of the Keban and Karakaya dams. The region features steep steppe terrain and scattered coniferous forest areas. Additionally, the deltas and reed beds surrounding the lake serve as important habitats supporting the region’s biological diversity.

Over the years, Hazar Lake has faced challenges from water pollution and ecosystem pressure. Domestic waste and chemical pollutants reach the lake primarily due to nearby settlements and agricultural activities. Wastewater discharged from the Sivrice district and Gezin settlement like has negatively affected the lake’s water quality. Furthermore, sedimentation due to erosion has increased sludge accumulation at the lake bottom, threatening situation oxygen levels and biological diversity within the lake.

Various initiatives are underway to protect Hazar Lake and improve its water quality. Declared a Class B wetland by the Ministry of Environment in 1994, the lake now relies on water from the Hazar HES, which ceased operations in 2006, to maintain its ecological balance. Projects have been developed to install wastewater treatment facilities and prevent seepage in the surrounding areas. In addition, reforestation and soil conservation efforts to combat erosion are being accelerated.