Force majeure

Arabic is derived from the root c-b-r (ج ب ر), which carries meanings such as "to use force" or "to compel someone to do something," and is taken from the word mucbir (مجبر), meaning "one who compels" or "coercive." The term is formed in the mufˁil pattern (fourth verb form active participle) from the verb cabara (جَبَرَ), meaning "to use force."

• Law and Legislation: A fundamental term in contract law and obligations law, used to describe circumstances beyond the control of the parties that render the fulfillment of obligations impossible (e.g., Force Majeure). Events such as natural disasters, states of war, or general strikes fall within this category.
• Crisis Management and Security: Used to describe emergency situations that disrupt planned processes, are unforeseeable, and require intervention. It refers to factors that override human will and necessarily halt the functioning of a system.
• Political Science and International Relations: A concept used to characterize decisions that states or international actors are compelled to make due to geographical, economic, or security-related pressures, independent of their own policy preferences.
• Sociology and Ethics: Serves as a tool to define structural pressures that constrain individual free will and compel individuals to act within specific social patterns or collective necessities.