Israel–Egypt Natural Gas Agreement is a commercial energy agreement signed between Israel and Egypt on 17 December 2025, regulating long-term natural gas exports from Israel’s Leviathan natural gas field in the Mediterranean Sea to Egypt. The agreement is the highest-value natural gas export contract approved by the Israeli government.

Natural gas trade between Israel and Egypt began in the late 2010s following the commencement of production from fields discovered in the Eastern Mediterranean. After commercial production started at the Leviathan field, various agreements were reached to direct Israeli gas toward the Egyptian market. The agreement approved in 2025 represents a new phase by expanding the scope of previous supply arrangements and establishing a longer-term framework.

The agreement, publicly announced by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, entered into force after the completion of all relevant Israeli government energy and export licensing procedures. The approval process subjected the agreement to mandatory administrative authorizations under Israeli domestic law due to the volume and duration of the natural gas exports.

The total economic value of the agreement has been estimated at approximately 35 billion US dollars. This amount makes it the highest-value natural gas export contract in Israeli history. A significant portion of the revenues generated under the agreement is expected to be transferred to the Israeli state through taxes and royalties.

Under the agreement, approximately 13 billion cubic meters of natural gas are planned to be delivered from the Leviathan field to Egypt. The supply is scheduled to continue until 2040 or until the total contracted volume is fully delivered, whichever comes later. The delivery will be carried out via existing pipeline infrastructure.

Natural gas production and export are conducted through joint ventures operating in the Leviathan field. Key companies involved in production and export activities include the US energy company Chevron and the Israeli-based NewMed Energy.

In recent years, declining domestic natural gas production in Egypt combined with rising internal demand have driven the country to seek additional gas supplies. Israeli natural gas is regarded as one of the key external sources supporting Egypt’s energy supply security. A portion of the gas delivered to Egypt is expected to be used for domestic consumption while another portion will feed into liquefied natural gas facilities.

The agreement has been recorded as a key development expanding regional energy trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. Increasing Israel’s natural gas export capacity and meeting Egypt’s energy needs are among the agreement’s most prominent structural elements.