`tanzimat-reforms` ile İlgili Madde Sonuçları

İlber Ortaylı's The Longest Century of the Empire (İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı in Turkish) is a historical study that examines the modernization process of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. The book analyzes topics such as the Tanzimat and Islahat Edicts, centralist reforms, and transformations in education and law, while also exploring the Empire’s relationship with the West, its struggles with nationalist movements, and the dissolution of its multinational structure. Ortaylı argues th