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Cherenkov radiation is an electromagnetic radiation phenomenon discovered in 1934 by Soviet physicist Pavel Cherenkov. This effect occurs when a charged particle moves through a medium faster than the speed of light in that medium. Einstein’s special theory of relativity states that the absolute speed limit in the universe is the speed of light in vacuum (c ≈ 3×10⁸ m/s). However, light propagates more slowly in transparent media such as water or glass. The speed of light in a medium is expressed