
Although amber is often referred to by the public as a “stone” or “rock,” it is fundamentally an organic material of plant origin. Amber is defined as fossilized resin, formed through physical and chemical transformations undergone by resin secreted by coniferous trees for wound healing or defense, over millions of years under pressure and temperature in oxygen-free environments. This transformation process hardens the resin and eventually gives it a stone-like structure. Before solidification,
EN
Samet Şahin

Iliç is a district affiliated with the province of Erzincan. Located approximately 40 kilometers southeast of the provincial center at place, this district attracts attention due to its rich natural resources and strategic location. Iliç, which derives its name from these sources, is known for its thermal water springs famous. Region offers various health and tourism opportunities for both local residents and visitors from outside. The district also draws interest for its historical past and hol
EN
Ahsen Güneş

Oltu Stone is a valuable mineral extracted from the Oltu district of Erzurum and also known as "Black Amber." This stone forms as lens-shaped layers within marl beds 70–80 cm thick, found in Neogene-aged sedimentary formations. These lenses, composed of marl and clay, have fractured due to tectonic movements. Oltu Stone is typically black in color but can occasionally appear in brown, gray, or greenish tones. When first extracted, the stone is soft but hardens upon exposure to air. This ease of
EN
Muhammed Fatih Türk

Diyadin Thermal Springs are a general term for thermal areas composed of natural hot water sources emerging from underground within the boundaries of Diyadin district, which is under the administration of Ağrı province in Eastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye. The springs are scattered along the valley of the Murat River south of the Diyadin district center and consist of multiple thermal sources known by different names such as Yılanlı, Davut, Tunca and Köprü Thermal Springs. Geographical Location
EN
Sümeyye Yırtıcı
KaKöken Kayaç kelimesi, Türkiye Türkçesindeki "kaya" sözcüğüne, Yeni Türkçede kullanılan +(g)Aç eki getirilerek türetilmiştir. Kullanım Alanları Günlük Dil: Halk arasında genellikle taş veya kaya anlamında, dağlık ya da sert zeminleri tanımlamak için kullanılır. Akademik Dil: Jeoloji ve yer bilimlerinde, mineral bileşimine ve oluşum süreçlerine göre sınıflandırılan doğal katı kütleler olarak incelenir (örnek: magmatik, metamorfik, tortul kayaçlar). Teknik Dil: Madencilik, inşaat mühendisliği ve ze
TR
İbrahim Filiz
OcAs a result of peace negotiations between Russia and Ukraine, we have begun to hear frequently about a concept known as Rare Earth Elements (REE). What makes this concept so significant? Or is this issue truly worthy of such attention? First, the term REE encompasses the lanthanides along with scandium and yttrium. Their applications are extremely broad, especially in everyday technological devices such as smartphones and automobiles, as well as in the transmission of renewable energy
EN
Abdullah Eymen Asru

Oltu Stone is a valuable mineral extracted from the Oltu district of Erzurum and also known as "Black Amber." This stone forms within sedimentary layers, appearing as lens-shaped bodies several centimeters thick within marl beds that are 70–80 cm thick and of Neogene age. These lenses, composed of marl and clay, have fractured due to tectonic movements. Oltu Stone is typically black in color but can occasionally be found in brown, gray, and greenish tones. When extracted, the stone is soft but h
EN
Muhammed Fatih Türk
PrAs a result of peace negotiations between Russia and Ukraine, we have begun to hear frequently about a concept known as Rare Earth Elements (REE). What makes this concept so significant? Or is this issue truly worthy of such considerable attention? First, the term REE encompasses the lanthanides along with scandium and yttrium. Their applications are extremely broad, especially in everyday technological devices such as smartphones and automobiles, as well as in the transmission of renewable ener
EN
Abdullah Eymen Asru

Lületaşı, known scientifically as sepiolite, is a magnesium silicate mineral composed primarily of magnesium and silicon. This natural stone undergoes hydrothermal metamorphism and hydration, typically occurring in soft and moist conditions at depths ranging from 20 to 130 meters. Noted for its light and porous structure, lületaşı is an easily workable and durable material, commonly found in white or near-white tones. With a hardness ranging from 2 to 2.5, it is also recognized for its ability t
EN
Sümeyra Uzun

Amazonite is a mineral belonging to the feldspar group and is particularly noted for its greenish-blue tones. Amazonite has the chemical formula KAlSi₃O₈ and is a variety of microcline feldspar. Trace elements within its crystal structure, especially lead and iron, are responsible for its characteristic coloration. Amazonite typically forms in granitic rocks known as pegmatites, where the slow cooling of the magma allows crystals to grow large enough to be visible to the naked eye. The physical
EN
Okan Kanpolat