`military-coup` ile İlgili Madde Sonuçları

27 April E-Memorandum is a press statement issued on the official website of the Turkish General Staff at around 23:30 on the night of 27 April 2007, and it carried the character of a military intervention directed at Türkiye’s 11th presidential election process.【1】 This text, historically referred to as the “first e-memorandum,” differs from previous military interventions by being publicly announced directly through a digital platform. The statement emphasized the principle of secularism and h

The September 12, 1980 Coup was a military coup carried out by the command hierarchy of the Turkish Armed Forces at the time. The coup effectively concentrated executive and legislative powers under the National Security Council (NSC), significantly restricting fundamental rights and freedoms under a state of emergency regime. Within this framework, Türkiye’s political structure, legal order, and institutional architecture entered a profound process of restructuring during the first half of the