
Philosophy 101: A Basic Introduction to Ethics and Metaphysics from Plato and Socrates to the History of Thought, written by Paul Kleinman, is a work that explains the fundamental concepts and historical development of philosophy in simple language. Published in 2013 by Adams Media, the book aims to introduce the main figures, theories, and concepts of Western philosophy. Kleinman has created a guiding resource for newcomers to philosophy by presenting complex philosophical ideas in an accessibl
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Meryem Beyza Utkulu

Avicenna-Descartes Metaphysics, authored by H. Ömer Özden and published by Dergâh Yayınları as part of its “Contemporary Islamic Thought” series, is a study that examines the interactions and comparisons between Islamic and Western philosophy within a metaphysical framework. The book aims to reveal the continuity and mutual influence of philosophical traditions across different civilizations by specifically comparing the metaphysical thought of Avicenna (980–1037) and René Descartes (1596–1650).
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Muhammed Samed Acar