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Vertical farming is a production model in which plant cultivation takes place in layered structures and typically under controlled environmental conditions. Developed as an alternative to conventional horizontal farmland limitations, this system aims to enable sustainable food production in densely urbanized areas. By largely decoupling the agricultural process from natural seasonal cycles, continuous production throughout the year becomes feasible. In these systems, production is generally carr

Xeriscape is a landscape design approach that prioritizes water conservation and ecological sustainability by minimizing water use. The term “Xeriscape,” widely used in the literature, is derived from the Greek word “xeros,” meaning dry.【1】 The concept first emerged in 1978 in the state of Colorado, United States, as a landscape design approach aimed at conserving water resources and the environment through minimal water use.【2】 The unsustainable global use of water resources, along with factors