VaVaccination is one of the most effective methods used to enable individuals to develop immunity against certain diseases that can lead to death or permanent disabilities among the active applications in the health sector. The authority to regulate immunization services carried out in our country has been granted to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye. The primary objective of the Extended Immunization Program implemented in our country is to ensure that every newborn receives vacci
ENNida Nur Sarıyıldız

The six-component karma vaccine program is a new vaccination initiative that came into effect on 14 April 2025, in accordance with an update to Türkiye’s childhood immunization schedule. Under this revision, the previously separate pentavalent combined vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine have been consolidated into a single injection.Implementation StartThe first administration of the six-component combined vaccine took place on 14 April at the Çayyolu Education Family Health Center in the Çankaya d
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Edanur Karakoç
PaPandemic refers to infectious outbreaks that affect large populations on a global scale. Throughout history, numerous pandemics have occurred, leaving lasting marks on human history through their impacts on health, economy, and society.Definition and Characteristics of PandemicsA pandemic is a situation in which a disease spreads across continents and affects a large portion of the population. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the following criteria for declaring an outbreak a pandemic
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Abdulkadir Akyüz

Vaccines are medical tools that protect our bodies from diseases and strengthen our immune system. They contain weakened or inactivated forms of disease-causing microbes. This allows our bodies to recognize these microbes and prepare defenses to eliminate them.What Is the Immune System?The immune system is the body’s defense mechanism that protects us from disease-causing microbes entering from outside. It fights harmful microbes that enter the body and prevents us from becoming ill.How Do Vacci
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Fatma Köroğlu

A vaccine is a biological product used to induce a specific immune response against certain infections in individuals. Vaccines are prepared using attenuated or inactivated microorganisms, their toxins, or genetic material. Vaccination practices prepare the immune system for disease by exposing it in advance to the infectious agent. This not only provides individual protection but also reduces the spread of infectious diseases at the community level.HistoryThe earliest observations related to im
ENAyşe İkbal Özsakın

COVID-19 is a respiratory infection first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan China and rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. The causative agent is an enveloped RNA virus named SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). COVID-19 is an infection that can affect multiple organ systems with the respiratory tract being the primary target and can present with a range of clinical severities. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic on 11 March 2020.Epidemiologi
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Muhammed Samed Acar