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Beginning its activities in 1848 under the name “Nafıa Nezareti,” and subsequently operating under the names Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Construction and Settlement, Ministry Responsible for the Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, and Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change of the Republic of Türkiye currently carries out work in numerous areas ranging from urban trans

Sustainable cities are urban centers built on the principles of environmental, social, and economic sustainability, aiming to combat climate change, use resources efficiently, and create inclusive, safe, resilient, and equitable communities. Today, approximately half of the world’s population—3.5 billion people—lives in cities, and this share is expected to reach 60 percent by 2030 and 75 percent by 2050. This rapid urbanization leads cities to account for 60 to 80 percent of global energy consu

Sustainable Land Use is an approach that aims to protect land, plan its use, and implement land use according to these plans. This concept is part of the principle of “sustainable development,” which seeks to meet today’s needs and expectations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own requirements. Sustainable land use offers a multidimensional framework that encompasses not only the efficient use of agricultural land but also the intensive and effective use of ur

Compact City is a sustainable urban form model that emerged as a response to urban sprawl, centered on high residential and population density, mixed land use, and accessibility focused on public transportation. This model encourages vertical and intensive growth within the existing urban fabric by limiting the uncontrolled horizontal expansion of urban areas. Its primary objectives are to increase energy efficiency, minimize the consumption of natural resources and agricultural land, reduce inf

🏗️ What Is Civil Engineering?🏠 Civil engineering is the branch of engineering that plans and designs the construction of homes, bridges, roads, dams, and schools.🌉 Civil engineers ensure that structures are safe, durable, and functional.🌍 When developing cities, they strive to minimize harm to the natural environment.What Is Civil Engineering? (Generated by artificial intelligence.)🛠️ What Do They Do?🏢 They design skyscrapers that reach into the sky.🛤️ They plan the routes for train lines

Prof. Dr. Sadettin Ökten is an academic and author with expertise in architecture, urban planning, and the history of civilization. Known for his work on architecture and urban aesthetics, Ökten has also made academic contributions in the field of the history and philosophy of science.Early Life and EducationSadettin Ökten was born in Istanbul on 1 September 1942. His father, Mahmut Celâlettin Ökten, was one of the founders of imam hatip schools in Türkiye. Ökten completed his secondary educatio

Architecture is a discipline that designs, plans, and constructs the physical spaces where people live, work, and spend their time. The profession of architecture is not only concerned with aesthetic considerations but also addresses functionality, sustainability, and structural integrity. Architectural designs reflect the cultural heritage of societies while also adapting to the technological and environmental requirements of the era. Today, architects play significant roles not only in designi

The Central Business District (CBD) is the area of a city where economic, commercial, financial and administrative activities are concentrated, typically characterized by high accessibility in terms of transportation and dense urban development. This area houses office buildings, skyscrapers, offices, hotels, banks, shopping centers and public service facilities. The CBD is one of the most valuable and competitive urban zones and one of the areas with the highest concentration of labor and capit

Skyscrapers are defined as tall buildings, typically exceeding 150 meters in height, that define the silhouettes of modern cities. These structures have become an integral part of urbanization due to increasing population density and limited land availability. The development of skyscrapers has brought significant innovations in architectural design, engineering, and environmental sustainability.Historical DevelopmentThe emergence of skyscrapers dates back to the late 19th century. The Home Insu

Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) is a civilization dated to the 3000s BCE and recognized as one of the four great ancient civilizations of the ancient world. This civilization dominated the Punjab and Sindh regions within the boundaries of modern-day Pakistan and was contemporary with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Its undeciphered writing system and evidence suggesting a stateless society are among the features that distinguish it from other ancient civilizations.Discovery and Archaeological Inv