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Sustainable cities are urban centers built on the principles of environmental, social, and economic sustainability, aiming to combat climate change, use resources efficiently, and create inclusive, safe, resilient, and equitable communities. Today, approximately half of the world’s population—3.5 billion people—lives in cities, and this share is expected to reach 60 percent by 2030 and 75 percent by 2050. This rapid urbanization leads cities to account for 60 to 80 percent of global energy consu

Sustainable Land Use is an approach that aims to protect land, plan its use, and implement land use according to these plans. This concept is part of the principle of “sustainable development,” which seeks to meet today’s needs and expectations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own requirements. Sustainable land use offers a multidimensional framework that encompasses not only the efficient use of agricultural land but also the intensive and effective use of ur

Skopje 2014 Project is an urban transformation and architectural initiative aimed at reshaping the city center of Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia. The project is centrally positioned within the “antiquization” (Antiquization) process and policies launched in 2006 by the nationalist government of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO DPMNE), as a consequence of the national identity crisis and ideological deadlock experien

Brazil (Officially the Federative Republic of Brazil)Federal Republic is a country located in South America with its capital in Brasília.T.C. Ministry of Trade, Brazil Country Profile-2025 (Ankara: T.C. Ministry of Trade, 2025), 3. Access Date: June 22, 2026.https://www.aso.org.tr/uploads/ortam/Brezilya%20%C3%9Clke%20Profili-2025.docx.pdf ">【1】 With an area of 8,547,400 square kilometers, it is the fifth largest country in the world. Marine Corps Intelligence Activity, Brazil Country Handbook

Beginning its activities in 1848 under the name “Nafıa Nezareti,” and subsequently operating under the names Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Construction and Settlement, Ministry Responsible for the Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, and Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change of the Republic of Türkiye currently carries out work in numerous areas ranging from urban trans

İlhan Tekeli (11 November 1937, İzmir) is a Turkish urban and regional planner, academic, writer and thinker. He is known for his contributions in the fields of urbanism, local governance, urban history, planning theory and social sciences in Türkiye. He is among the academics who significantly contributed to the development of the planning discipline in Türkiye. Early Life and Education İlhan Tekeli was born in İzmir in 1937. He completed his primary and secondary education in İzmir. After grad

Skyscrapers are defined as tall buildings, typically exceeding 150 meters in height, that define the silhouettes of modern cities. These structures have become an important component of urbanization due to increasing population density and limited land availability. The development of skyscrapers has brought significant innovations in architectural design, engineering and environmental sustainability. Historical Development The emergence of skyscrapers dates back to the late 19th century. The Ho

Compact City is a sustainable urban form model that emerged as a response to urban sprawl, centered on high residential and population density, mixed land use, and accessibility focused on public transportation. This model encourages vertical and intensive growth within the existing urban fabric by limiting the uncontrolled horizontal expansion of urban areas. Its primary objectives are to increase energy efficiency, minimize the consumption of natural resources and agricultural land, reduce inf

🏗️ What Is Civil Engineering? 🏠 Civil engineering is the branch of engineering that plans and designs the construction of homes, bridges, roads, dams, and schools. 🌉 Civil engineers ensure that structures are safe, durable, and functional. 🌍 When developing cities, they strive to minimize harm to the natural environment. What Is Civil Engineering? (Generated by artificial intelligence.) 🛠️ What Do They Do? 🏢 They design skyscrapers that reach into the sky. 🛤️ They plan the routes for trai

Prof. Dr. Sadettin Ökten is an academic and author with expertise in architecture, urban planning, and the history of civilization. Known for his work on architecture and urban aesthetics, Ökten has also made academic contributions in the field of the history and philosophy of science. Early Life and Education Sadettin Ökten was born in Istanbul on 1 September 1942. His father, Mahmut Celâlettin Ökten, was one of the founders of imam hatip schools in Türkiye. Ökten completed his secondary educat