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The National Struggle was a great war fought from 1919 to 1923 to reclaim the right of a nation to live freely on its own soil. This war emerged after the Ottoman Empire began to be occupied following its defeat in the First World War. The War of Independence was not merely a war; it was also a journey toward establishing a modern state governed by its own people. Let us closely examine how a nation united and fought for its independence. 🌍 What Happened After the World War? When the First Worl

Power and legitimacy are among the most fundamental concepts in political science and political philosophy. These two phenomena, present since the existence of human communities, play a central role in the establishment, maintenance, and transformation of social order. Power, in its most general definition, refers to the capacity of an actor to influence or control the behavior of others according to their own will; legitimacy, by contrast, is the condition in which this power is recognized by t

Sadabad Pact, signed on 7 July 1937 at the Sadabad Palace in Tehran, the capital of Iran, is a regional agreement on friendship, security and non-aggression between Türkiye, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan.【1】 In nature, it is not a military defense alliance or a common military bloc but a political treaty in which the parties commit to mutually safeguarding border security, refraining from interference in each other’s internal affairs, consulting on matters of common interest and pledging non-aggres

The Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye is the official publication medium through which laws, presidential decrees, regulations, notices, and numerous other provisions concerning the functioning of the state are published and enter into force. Its content and the procedures and principles governing its publication are determined by the Presidential Decree No. 10 dated 15 July 2018 and the Regulation on the Official Gazette issued by Presidential Decision No. 358 dated 22 November 2018.