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Oğuz Atay was born on 12 October 1934 in Kastamonu/İnebolu. His father was Cemil Atay, a lawyer who served as a member of parliament for Sinop in the sixth and seventh terms and for Kastamonu in the eighth term. His mother was Muazzez Zeki Hanım, a primary school teacher. His maternal grandmother, Melek Hanım, had fled to Istanbul from Greece after meeting Zeki Bey while attending a French girls’ school, converted to Islam, and placed great importance on educating her three daughters; his mother

Macit Gökberk was born in 1908 in Thessaloniki within the Ottoman Empire. He received his education at Istanbul Boys’ High School. In the 1929–1930 academic year, he enrolled as a student in the Department of Philosophy at the Faculty of Letters of Istanbul University and, after graduating, became the department’s first assistant. He completed his doctorate in Germany with a thesis titled “The Concept of Society in Hegel and Auguste Comte,” under the supervision of Eduard Spranger. During his do