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Simit Economy, originally known as the doughnut economy, is an innovative economic model developed by British economist Kate Raworth that centers on nature and people, with justice and equity as its core focus. This model moves away from industrial, growth-obsessed, and destructive economic paradigms to offer a sustainable development approach that enhances social well-being while respecting ecological limits.Raworth first introduced this model in a 2012 report titled "A Safe and Just Space for

The Çoruh River is a significant river in eastern Türkiye, originating in the İspir district of Erzurum Province and flowing through Artvin until it reaches the Georgian border, where it empties into the Black Sea. The river draws its source from the western slopes of the Mescit Mountains and is 376 kilometers long, approximately 354 kilometers of which lie within Türkiye’s borders. It is particularly notable for its 260-kilometer stretch within the boundaries of İspir district in Erzurum.Geogra

Sustainable Land Use is an approach that aims to protect land, plan its use, and implement land use according to these plans. This concept is part of the principle of “sustainable development,” which seeks to meet today’s needs and expectations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own requirements. Sustainable land use offers a multidimensional framework that encompasses not only the efficient use of agricultural land but also the intensive and effective use of ur

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), nuclear is an international organization established to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, ensure nuclear safety and security, and prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, activity as indicated by independent. Operating within the United Nations (UN) system place but functioning as an independent organization, the IAEA implements various programs to foster scientific and technical cooperation among its member states to develop.Interna

Age-friendly cities are an innovative urban development model created in response to the demographic and social challenges arising from the aging of the global population. This concept, launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006, aims to support older adults in leading active healthy and independent lives, increase their participation in social life, and enhance their quality of life. Age-friendly cities are designed to meet the needs of all segments of society including children pe

Climate policies are sets of legal, economic, technological, and social measures implemented with the contribution of various stakeholders—including governments, international organizations, the private sector, civil society organizations, and local authorities—to limit the causes of climate change and manage its impacts. The primary objective of these policies is to slow global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human activities (mitigation) and to strengthen the capaci

Green Economy is an economic model that increases human well-being and social equity while reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. In simpler terms, it is defined as an economy that is low-carbon, resource-efficient, and socially inclusive. In this model, increases in income and employment are achieved through public and private sector investments that reduce carbon emissions and pollution, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and prevent losses in biodiversity and ecosystem s

The Paris Climate Agreement is an accord adopted unanimously by 195 countries at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) held in Paris on December 12, 2015. The agreement aims to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels while striving to ensure that the temperature increase does not exceed 2°C. It also calls for each country to submit its national contributions (INDC) for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and for these contributions to be reviewed every five