
The economics of natural resources is a discipline focused on the extraction, utilization, and sustainable management of limited natural resources. Humanity’s extensive dependence on natural resources—spanning energy production, industry, agriculture, and daily consumption habits—has increased their importance, while their finite nature and limited capacity for renewal have made their proper management an urgent necessity. The role of natural resources in the economy does not merely support econ
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Mesut Altunkaynak

Greenfield investment refers to an investor creating a new enterprise or facility from scratch, without utilizing existing infrastructure. Such investments are commonly chosen under the umbrella of foreign direct investment (FDI) when a company seeks to enter a new market or increase capacity within an existing market. Because Greenfield investments involve building an entirely new structure from the ground up without relying on an existing business model or infrastructure, they require high ini
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Kübra Cin

Rain gardens, also known as "bioretention areas," are shallow depressions designed to collect and vegetate stormwater with the goal of allowing water to infiltrate naturally into the soil. The primary function of these systems is to manage surface runoff generated by impervious surfaces in urban areas—such as rooftops, roadways, sidewalks, and parking lots—while improving water quality and contributing to groundwater recharge. Historical Context and Principles The proliferation of impervious sur
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Social Economy Economy and Finance Category Social economy is a discipline that studies economic activities and social initiatives aimed at enhancing the well-being of individuals and communities. It analyzes the socially oriented use of economic resources and seeks to contribute to the sustainable development of society. This approach establishes links between economic activities and values such as social equity solidarity and environmental sustainability. Image generated by artificial intellig
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Mesut Altunkaynak

In architecture, ergonomics is a design approach grounded in human-environment interaction, aiming to create healthy, safe, and comfortable living and working spaces that align with human physical, psychological, and social needs. Within the framework of architecture’s fundamental objective—human-centered design—ergonomics seeks to enable users to move physically comfortably within built environments, perform activities efficiently in functional spaces, and experience psychologically secure and
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Esra Özkafa
ThSustainability is an approach aimed at preserving the capacity of future generations to meet their needs by using natural resources efficiently. This concept seeks to ensure the coexistence of environmental, economic, and social elements in harmony. In the United Nations’ Brundtland Report, sustainable development is defined as “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987).
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Fatma Nur Tip
HyHyperloop: The Transportation Technology of the Future Hyperloop is a transportation system designed to enable high-speed fast transport by combining to do (maglev) and low-pressure tube systems. This technology aims to create efficient passenger and load transport by minimizing friction and air resistance. Emerging as an alternative to conventional rail and air transport, Hyperloop offers an economic, fast, and sustainable transportation solution using capsules capable of reaching speeds up to
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Muhammed Emin Varol
SuSustainable communication is an approach that emerges from the integration of the concept of sustainability into the discipline of communication. This concept examines how communication can contribute to sustainable development goals, which are centered on environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The Concept of Sustainability Sustainability is one of the prominent concepts of recent years. As defined in the 1987 United Nations report titled "Our Common Future," it means development that m
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İrem Buran
OrOrganic farming is a form of agriculture that aims to restore the natural balance lost due to improper practices in ecological systems, incorporating production systems friendly to both humans and the environment. Primarily, it prohibits the use of synthetic chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and recommends organic and green fertilization, crop rotation, soil conservation, enhancing plant resistance, and utilizing natural parasites and predators. It prioritizes improving product quality over i
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Business development is defined as a multidimensional management field designed to guide institutional processes toward long-term value creation. This field extends beyond merely expanding sales or marketing functions; it also encompasses establishing strategic partnerships, structuring new opportunities, and developing innovative business models. Business development activities encompass not only the capacity to mobilize an institution’s internal competencies but also its ability to generate st
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Ahsen Karakaş