`state` Related Article Results

e-Devlet Kapısı is an online platform that provides public services to citizens of the Republic of Türkiye, digital institutions and the private sector from a single point, fast, securely and without interruption. Launched in 2008, system has expanded its scope over time, integrating hundreds of public institutions and migrating thousands of public services to the digital environment. Regarded as Türkiye’s digital face, the e-State Kapısı aims to facilitate access to public services through its

In Turkish tradition, the "binary organization" refers to a system in which state administration is based on two primary elements. This structure does not center power absolutely in a single authority; rather, it divides power into two parts that complement each other. In Turkish state tradition, this binary structure has typically manifested through distinctions such as east-west or center-periphery. This system is identified in Chinese sources as the "Chu cosmology". However, what is meant her

Digital diplomacy refers to the systematic use of digital technologies and new communication tools in the conduct of foreign policy. Unlike traditional diplomacy’s limited, formal, and largely closed communication methods, digital diplomacy offers a faster, more direct, and broader-reaching communication model. Through tools such as internet-based platforms, social media channels, mobile applications, and online content management, diplomatic actors are enabled to extend their official and publi

Pre-Islamic Turkic State is a historical-political concept used to describe the political organization, social structure, belief system, and cultural production of the earliest Turkic states that emerged in central Asia. This concept occupies a place in historiography both as a period designation and as an original model of statehood. The pre-Islamic Turkic state was an institutionalized model of statehood formed by the convergence of various Turkic tribes centered in Central Asia, characterized

Presidency of Defense Industries (PDI) is a central institution under the Presidency of Türkiye tasked with meeting Türkiye’s defense and security needs through domestic and national capabilities, developing the defense industry, and ensuring the modernization of the Turkish Armed Forces. The institutional structuring of Türkiye’s defense industry began in 1985 with the aim of establishing a modern defense industry and modernizing the Turkish Armed Forces. Under this framework, the Directorate o

Plato’s work Republic is regarded as one of the most important classics in the history of philosophy. Written in dialogue form, this work examines what an ideal state should be like, grounded in the concept of justice. First composed in the 4th century BCE, Republic stands among the foundational texts of political philosophy and draws attention for both its educational and political dimensions. The current Turkish translation of the work was published by Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. Gene

Ziraat Bank is a financial institution whose origins trace back to the Memleket Sandıkları established in 1863 and the Menafi Sandıkları founded in 1883, playing a pivotal role in the formation of Türkiye’s national banking structure. The bank was organized in its modern form in 1888 with the purpose of providing credit to the agricultural sector and expanding financial services across the country. Today, it continues its operations through an extensive portfolio of products and services, digita

International legal personality is not regulated by a general norm and therefore carries a controversial quality. Its determination must be made in light of theory and practice. Two fundamental criteria have been established for international legal personality: 1. The capacity to possess rights and obligations arising from international law. 2. The ability to directly protect and defend rights arising from international law at the international level. (The existence of a judicial body is not a c

You may excel greatly in one area, and everyone may admire you for it. But sometimes people devote themselves so completely to a single field that all their strengths become confined to that one domain. The area in which you have poured your nights and days to master may offer you a meaningful life toward your goals, yet it may not hold the same value for those around you. For knowledge gains meaning not only when it remains within the mind of its possessor, but when it reaches others. For insta

The complexity of modern web applications brings state management—a factor that directly impacts user experience—to the forefront. In component-based architectures like React, the ability to manage state consistently and efficiently across components directly affects application maintainability. In this context, Zustand stands out as a lightweight, flexible, and modern state management library. Designed for JavaScript/TypeScript applications, Zustand offers easy integration through a minimal cod