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Duga-1 was part of a long-range radar network project designed to detect intercontinental ballistic missiles launched by the Soviet Union by identifying the ionospheric trails left by exhaust plumes immediately after launch. Over-the-horizon radar technology relies on the principle of reflecting radio waves off the ionosphere to extend range far beyond the line-of-sight limitations of conventional radar. By following a double-hop path—ground-ionosphere-target-ionosphere-ground—the system could d