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Black January (Black January, 20 January) is the name given to the events that occurred during the night of 19 January 1990 to 20 January 1990, when a 26,000-strong Soviet military force intervened militarily in Baku and several other cities of Azerbaijan. During the intervention, armored vehicles entered Baku from five directions; unarmed civilians were shot at; tanks and heavy armored vehicles were driven into civilian crowds; and ambulances and passenger buses were fired upon. On 19 January 1

1926 Baku Turkology Congress (First Turkology Congress), held between 26 February and 6 March 1926 in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, was an international gathering where the linguistic, historical, literary, and cultural issues of the Turkic world were addressed on a scientific platform. The congress, convened under the claim of promoting cultural integration and modernization of Turkic peoples within the borders of the Soviet Union, is particularly notable for its efforts toward alphabet unif

When the Russians first appeared on the historical stage, they generally faced the dominance of Turkic peoples in Europe in both geographical and military terms. This social structure, which was minimally developed in early periods, has even been described in some sources as culturally quite primitive. Indeed, it is well known that the earliest Russian communities significantly benefited from and were influenced by the culture and civilization of the Turkic peoples in the region. Struggling to s