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Smart nanomaterials are nanoscale materials that can respond to environmental stimuli by altering their structural, chemical, or physical properties. Stimuli may include temperature, pH, magnetic fields, light, electrical signals, or chemical agents. These materials are also referred to as "stimuli-responsive" or "intelligent nanomaterials" and have diverse innovative applications ranging from biomedical engineering and energy systems to environmental technologies and smart coatings. Basic Struc