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Gök Medrese is located at the southeastern foot of the earthwork mound now known as the castle in Sivas. It was constructed in 1271 during the reign of III. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev by his vizier Sahip Ata Ali b. Hüseyin. The building has two names: “Sahibiye” and “Gök Medrese.” Sahibiye derives from the patron’s honorific title, while Gök Medrese comes from the turquoise-colored tiles used in its decoration.Architect and ConstructionThe architect of the medrese was Kalûyân el-Konevî, who was respon

Malazgirt Castle is a historical structure located within the boundaries of Muş Province in Türkiye's East Anatolia Region, on Muş territory. This castle was the site of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, one of the pivotal moments in Turkish history, to which Battle of Manzikert laid claim. This victory, won by Seljuk Sultan Alp Arslan against Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes, became one of the foundational stones in the Turkification process of Anatolia. This interest in the castle is signi

The Battle of Yassıçemen took place on 10 August 1230 (28 Ramadan 627) near Erzincan between the army of the Türkiye Seljuk State under Sultan I. Alâeddin Keykubad and its Ayyubid allies under al-Malik al-Ashraf, against the Khwarazmian forces led by Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah. This battle fundamentally altered the political map of Eastern Anatolia and the Middle East, effectively leading to the collapse of the Khwarazmian State and leaving Anatolia vulnerable to Mongol invasion.Political Backgro