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Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is a bird species native to the Palearctic region but now established in many parts of the world due to human introduction. It is an omnivorous bird with high social adaptability, belonging to the family Sturnidae within the order Passeriformes (songbirds). These birds typically measure about 21.5 centimeters in length and weigh between 70 and 100 grams. They play a dual ecological role: as predators that control populations of harmful insects and as aggressive compet