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Metallography is the scientific discipline that examines the internal structures of metals and alloys at the microscopic level. As one of the foundational pillars of materials science, this field is essential for understanding the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of materials in engineering applications. Through metallographic examination, information is obtained about a metal’s grain structure, phase distribution, porosities, cracks, and other microstructural features. This informa

Cryo-transmission Electron Microscopy (cryo-TEM) is an advanced imaging technique that enables high-resolution (2–3 Ångström) visualization of biological and soft materials in their native state without disrupting their structure. Unlike conventional transmission electron microscopy, cryo-TEM preserves samples by rapid freezing (vitrification), preventing the formation of crystalline ice, and analyzes them at approximately -180 °C. This method has enabled structural biologists to resolve protein