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Yes, the title may initially seem provocative or even odd. However, this statement summarizes a Europe reflex that extends not only to the late Ottoman period but all the way back to the early conquest years when the state first appeared on the historical stage. Ottoman Even while it was still just one of the beyliks in Anatolia, its advance into the Balkans generated profound unease within Europe’s political and religious structure. This unease led over subsequent centuries to a series of milit

Yes, the title may seem provocative or even strange at first glance. But this statement is a summary of a European reflex that stretches not only to the late periods of the Ottoman Empire but all the way back to its early conquest years. The Ottoman Empire, while still just one of the beyliks in Anatolia, generated profound anxiety in Europe’s political and religious structure as soon as it crossed into the Balkans. This anxiety led over subsequent centuries to a series of crusade-like military