
Green mining approaches; are a set of practices aimed at reducing environmental impacts, increasing resource efficiency, and strengthening social acceptance across all stages of mining including exploration, extraction, beneficiation, transportation, waste management, closure, and post-closure monitoring. This approach focuses not only on on-site pollution control but also on water, energy, and material use throughout the life cycle of mineral-based products. The concept addresses impacts inhere
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CiCircular economy is a systematic approach aimed at minimizing resource use in production and consumption processes, reducing waste generation, and ensuring that materials are used for as long as possible within the economic cycle to generate value. Unlike the linear economic model, circular economy is based on efficient resource use, product reuse, repair, refurbishment, and recycling. In Türkiye, the transition to a circular economy is addressed within national development strategies and Europe
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