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Republic Day is the anniversary of the official proclamation of the Republic of Türkiye on 29 October 1923. This date marks the establishment of the new state system whose sovereignty is explicitly rooted in the nation, and whose institutional framework was legally defined. Today it is commemorated annually on 29 October with official ceremonies and public events. The process leading to the proclamation of the Republic began with the opening of the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye in Ankara on

Beşkonaklar Ethnography Museum and Traditional Malatya House is a cultural structure located in the Battalgazi district of Malatya province, representing an example of traditional civil architecture and housing ethnographic artifacts. This complex of mansions was constructed in the early 20th century by Hacı Sait Efendi (Turfanda) and his siblings from prominent Malatya families and opened to the public as a museum in 2008. History Beşkonaklar was built approximately 120 years ago by Hacı Sait E

Understanding a historical period, process, or historical transformation has long been constructed primarily through events, political ruptures, and prominent individuals. Classical and positivist historiography shaped history largely as a chronological sequence of events centered around “great men”; space, by contrast, occupied a passive background role in these narratives. However, from the second half of the 20th century onward, new historiographical approaches revealed that space is not mere

Beşkonaklar Etnografya Müzesi ve Geleneksel Malatya Evi is a cultural structure located in the Battalgazi district of Malatya, representing an example of traditional civil architecture and housing ethnographic artifacts. This group of mansions was constructed in the early 20th century by Hacı Sait Efendi (Turfanda) and his siblings from prominent Malatya families and was opened to the public as a museum in 2008. History Beşkonaklar were built approximately 120 years ago by Hacı Sait Efendi (Turf

Frugality, Investment and Turkish Products Week is one of the designated days and weeks observed annually in primary schools in Türkiye between 12–18 December. The week’s primary objective is to instill the habit of frugality, promote awareness of investment, and encourage the use of domestically produced goods. It emphasizes the need for individuals to safeguard their money, possessions, belongings, time and health, and to direct surplus resources toward investment after prioritizing essential

Fixed-line telephone is a communication device that operates through a wired connection at a specific location and enables voice communication. As one of the key inventions in communication technology, the fixed-line telephone has followed a path marked by bans, customs seizures, foreign company concessions, nationalization efforts, institutional transformations, and technological breakthroughs from the Ottoman Empire to present-day Türkiye. History of the Fixed-line Telephone Fixed-line telepho

Sümbüllü Bahçe Konağı is a historic mansion and complex of auxiliary buildings located in the Hisariçi neighborhood of the Osmangazi district in Bursa, dating to the early Republican period and reflecting the characteristic features of traditional Bursa residential architecture. The building group is situated atop the eastern bastion of Bursa’s city walls and lies within a first-degree archaeological protected area. Construction of the main mansion began in 1921 and, with subsequent additions ov