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Rare earth elements (REEs) purification is the process of separating the 15 lanthanide elements along with scandium and yttrium, which are commonly found together in nature and exhibit extremely similar chemical properties, into high-purity individual products suitable for high-technology applications. Although these elements occur in the Earth’s crust in abundance comparable to metals such as copper or lead, they are termed “rare” due to the difficulty of obtaining them in pure form.Scientific

The Importance of Rare Earth Elements in a Global ContextRare Earth Elements (REE) are a group of 17 elements that, contrary to their name, are relatively abundant on Earth. In fact, their scarcity is not due to low abundance but to the difficulty of finding them in concentrations that are commercially viable for extraction. Moreover, separating these elements from one another—refining them—is a technologically demanding and expensive process. These elements are regarded as the “technological vi

Ukraine–United States Minerals Resources Agreement (2025) is an international agreement signed in Washington on 30 April 2025 between Ukraine and the United States of America (USA), containing comprehensive provisions on the joint exploitation of natural resources, post-war reconstruction financing, and economic cooperation. The agreement provides for the establishment of an investment fund financed by revenues from new mining projects, to be used exclusively for Ukraine’s post-war reconstructio