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The State of Qatar, is a peninsula country located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East, extending into the Persian Gulf. The country shares a land border with Saudi Arabia to the south and is otherwise surrounded by sea. With a total area of approximately 11,586 km², Qatar’s population was approximately 3 million as of 2025.T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı, "Qatar" Access date 13 December 2025, https://ticaret.gov.tr/yurtdisi-teskilati/orta-dogu-ve-korfez/katar/genel-bilgi

Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (d. January 1952, Doha – d. 12 July 2026) was a Qatari statesman who served as Emir of Qatar from 27 June 1995 to 25 June 2013. He assumed the emirate after deposing his father, Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, and during his approximately 18-year rule, Qatar underwent significant transformations in economic, social, diplomatic and cultural spheres.【1】 He abdicated on 25 June 2013 in favor of his son Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani and died on 12 July 2026 at