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Emerging adulthood is defined as a distinct life stage in human development that occurs between adolescence and young adulthood, generally encompassing the ages of 18 to 25. This concept, introduced into the literature by developmental psychologist Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, may extend in contemporary societies up to the ages of 29 or 30 due to factors such as socioeconomic conditions and participation in higher education. Although individuals in this stage have completed their physical development

Self-fulfilling prophecy is a psychosocial phenomenon in which the expectations of individuals or societies regarding a particular event lead them to behave in ways that make the expected event actually occur. Concept was first introduced in the mid-20th century by American sociologist Robert K. Merton, who explained how the expectations of an individual or group can unconsciously alter their behavior, ultimately causing those expectations to become reality. Self-fulfilling prophecy manifests in

When you give a child paper and a pencil, what emerges is not merely a drawing. Those lines, those colors, those arrangements are in fact a map of the child’s emotions, fears, and hopes—things they cannot yet express in words. Young children cannot articulate their feelings in sentences the way adults do. Instead of saying “I feel insecure today,” they might draw a tiny house or forget the windows. Instead of saying “I feel alone in my family,” they position themselves in the corner of the famil

Friendship is a dynamic social relationship built on mutual affection, trust, loyalty, and other shared values, grounded in voluntary participation rather than obligation. This relationship serves as a fundamental mechanism for individuals to understand their place in the social world, while simultaneously providing the psychological foundation necessary for emotional support and social engagement. Friendship relations enable individuals to develop self-awareness, internalize social norms, and e