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Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is a clinical condition characterized by persistent and severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It is defined as a serious pregnancy complication that often requires hospitalization, leading to weight loss of more than 5% of pre-pregnancy body weight, dehydration (fluid loss), electrolyte imbalance, and ketonuria (presence of ketones in urine).【1】 History The historical management and outcomes of hyperemesis gravidarum have evolved over time. According to United

Uterus atony(Atonia uteri) is a tone disorder that develops when the uterine muscle fibers lose their ability to contract and recoil after placental separation. In the physiological process, uterine contractions following placental delivery compress the spiral arteries to stop bleeding; however, when this mechanism fails, the myometrium becomes flaccid and bleeding becomes uncontrollable. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is defined as blood loss exceeding 500 ml after vaginal delivery and 1000 ml aft