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Ali Rıza Efendi (Acara) was a lawyer and politician who was active in political and legal affairs during the final period of the Ottoman State and the early years of the Republic of Türkiye. Born in Batum, Ali Rıza Efendi lost his father, Jandarma Captain Dursun Efendi, when he was only six months old, and his mother, Ayşe Hanım, when he was three years old. He completed his primary education in local madrasas and continued his secondary and higher education at Medresetü’l-Kudât in Istanbul, an

Abdülhamit Hamdi Efendi was born in 1887 in Diyarbakır and served as an educator and politician during the final years of the Ottoman Empire and the early years of the Republic. He received his education in sıbyan mektebi, rüştiye, and medrese, earning a license to teach as a müderris. In Diyarbakır he taught Turkish Arabic Persian religion literature and philosophy in various schools. Between 1909 and 1914 he served as Chief Clerk of the Şer’iye Court and acted as qadi on two occasions. In 1920

Besim Tibuk is known as one of the figures who brought liberal economic thought into the political arena in Türkiye. He gained prominence in the business world through his initiatives in the tourism sector and is also the founder and first chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Especially in the 1990s, Tibuk attracted public attention with his political statements, drawing reactions from various circles due to both his private sector experience and his political discourse based on liber