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Ahmet Büyükgümüş, a Turkish political scientist and politician, was elected as a member of parliament for Yalova in the 27th and 28th terms of the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye. He served as President of the Türkiye-Norway Parliamentary Friendship Group and was a member of the Digital Platforms Commission in the Turkish Parliament. Within the party, he held positions including General President of the Youth Wings, member of the Central Decision and Executive Board, and Deputy Party Leader;

Muhammad Morsi is the first civilian president of Egypt to assume office through democratic means. As the first head of state without a military background, Morsi governed Egypt from 2012 to 2013 but was removed from power in 2013 following a military intervention. Early Life Family and Education Muhammad Morsi was born in August 1951 in the village of El Adwa in the Sharqia Governorate in northern Egypt. The eldest of five siblings he was the son of a farmer father and a homemaker mother. Morsi

Mark Rutte (born 14 February 1967, The Hague) is a Dutch politician, former private sector executive, and teacher. He led the People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) from 2006 to 2023. From October 2010 to July 2024, he headed four coalition governments, becoming the longest-serving prime minister in Holland history.【1】 Rutte assumed office as the 14th Secretary General of NATO on 1 October 2024, succeeding Jens Stoltenberg.【2】 Family, Childhood and Education Mark Rutte was born on 14 Feb

Mustafa Çalık was born in 1956 in the village of Çalık, located in the central district of Gümüşhane. 【1】The second child in a family of five, Çalık completed his primary and secondary education in Gümüşhane. He began his political and social activities at an early age; in 1972 he served on the Supervisory Board of the Gümüşhane Branch of the Turkish Nationalists Organization, was appointed in 1975 as President of the Elmadağ Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) Youth Branch, and was elected in 1977

Migration and Asylum Pact is a comprehensive set of rules established at the European Union (EU) level to regulate the fields of migration and asylum and create a common asylum system.【1】 The Pact consists of ten binding legislative acts adopted in 2024 that redefine the EU’s border management, the assessment of asylum applications, and the sharing of responsibilities among member states.【2】 European Commission proposed the Pact in September 2020, and it was adopted by the European Parliament in

On July 15–16, 2016, a coup attempt was carried out by a group of so-called military personnel affiliated with the Fethullahist Terrorist Organization (FETO/PDY) under the name “Council for Peace at Home” within the Turkish Armed Forces. Planned under the orders of FETO’s leader Fetullah Gülen, this attempt involved plotting an assassination against President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who was elected by the people’s votes, bombing the Türkiye Grand National Assembly, closing the Bosphorus and Fatih

Securitization is a theoretical concept in security studies that explains how issues become framed and accepted as matters of security rather than ordinary politics. Developed primarily by scholars associated with the Copenhagen School, securitization argues that security is not an objective condition inherent in a particular threat but an intersubjective process through which political actors construct certain developments as existential threats requiring exceptional measures.【1】 Instead of ask

Köken Sözcük Türkçeye Fransızca théocratie ("tanrı devleti", ruhban sınıfının egemenliğine dayanan düzen) üzerinden geçmiştir. Fransızca kelime ise aynı anlamdaki Eski Yunanca theokratía (θεοκρατία) sözcüğüne dayanır. Kullanım Alanları Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi: Devlet biçimlerini sınıflandırırken egemenliğin kaynağını tanrısal iradeye dayandıran yönetim modellerini tanımlamak için temel bir terim olarak kullanılır. Din Sosyolojisi: Din adamlarının toplum üzerindeki otoritesini, ruhban sın