
Machiavellianism is an intellectual and psychological concept named after Niccolò Machiavelli that centers on the use of power, strategy, manipulation and instrumental rationality to achieve political, managerial or personal interests. Although its origins lie in Machiavelli’s understanding of politics, over time it has transcended the boundaries of political philosophy to acquire a multidimensional character within personality psychology, organizational behavior, ethical theory and religion-mor
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Nursena Güller
MoOriginMonarchy entered Turkish from the French word monarchie, which traces its roots to Ancient Greek via Latin. The first part of the word, mono-, derives from the Ancient Greek mónos (μόνος), meaning “single, one, alone.”Areas of UsePolitical Science: Used to describe systems of government in which authority is concentrated in a single ruler when classifying forms of state governance.History: Used to describe historical systems of governance such as kingdoms, empires and dynastic rule.Law and
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Nisanur Emral

Niccolò Machiavelli, recognized as one of the founders of political science, was an Italian thinker, diplomat, and writer. He held various positions in the Republic of Florence, conducting work in diplomacy and military affairs. His most famous work, *The Prince* (*Il Principe*), attempts to present realistic and pragmatic approaches to maintaining power.Machiavelli treated politics as a field distinct from morality, arguing that harsh and ruthless methods may sometimes be necessary to preserve
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Habibe Arapkirli

Oral Sander was a distinguished academic who made significant contributions to the fields of international relations and political science in Türkiye. Recognized as one of the pioneers of modern international relations theory in Türkiye, Sander left a lasting mark through both his teaching and his scholarly works. Having served for many years as a professor at Ankara University’s Faculty of Political Science, Sander is renowned for his studies that enriched the discipline from both theoretical a
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Ahsen Karakaş
ALALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE Alexis Charles Henri Maurice Clérel de Tocqueville was born on 29 July 1805 in Paris, France, and died on 16 April 1859 in Cannes. A member of a French aristocratic family, Tocqueville is recognized as a scientist, thinker, historian, and politician. His family had a noble lineage that suffered execution during the French Revolution. This situation profoundly influenced his engagement with themes of aristocratic privilege, societal transformation, and the future of democrac
ENAhmet Büyükgümüş

Political Ideologies is an academic book written by Andrew Heywood and first published in 1992. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the historical development, core concepts, and contemporary influence of political ideologies. Having reached multiple editions, it is widely used as a foundational text in university-level courses on political science and ideology. Heywood aims to make the complex structure of ideologies accessible to both beginners and advanced students through clear
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Meryem Beyza Utkulu

Prof. Dr. Burhanettin Duran, born in 1970 in Adapazarı, Türkiye, is an academic and bureaucrat known for his scholarly and intellectual contributions in the field of political science in Türkiye. He is recognized for his research on Islamic thought, Turkish foreign policy, and the history of political ideas. In addition to his academic career, he has held leadership positions in think tanks and public service roles.Early Life and EducationDuran was born on 1 January 1970 in the district of Adapa
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Ayşe Aslıhan Yoran

Gulbenkian Commission is an international group of scholars established to identify the structural, epistemological, and organizational challenges facing the social sciences in the final quarter of the 20th century and to propose solutions to these issues. The commission was formed in 1993 under the auspices of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon, Portugal, under the chairmanship of sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein, with the participation of ten scholars from diverse disciplines. After
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Nursena Şahin