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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the most commonly encountered plants worldwide, both on dining tables and in industrial food products. Originating from the highland regions of South America, this plant is not merely an agricultural crop; it also plays a central role in nutrition, culture, trade, and science. Today, tomato is cultivated in more than 170 countries and has become one of the foundational pillars of global agriculture. Origin and History The origin of the tomato extends to