
In historical writing, understanding a period, a process, or a historical transformation has long been largely constructed through events, political ruptures, and leading individuals. Classical and positivist historiography shaped history mostly as chronological sequences of events and around “great men”; space, by contrast, occupied a passive role as background in these narratives. Yet from the second half of the 20th century onward, new historiographical approaches revealed that space is not m
EN
Mehmet Salih Çoban

Sapphire is a precious gemstone mineralogically belonging to the corundum (aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃) group and is particularly renowned for its blue tones. However, only sapphires are not only blue; they can also be found in yellow, pink, green, black and colorless like varieties. Corundums with a red color are not called sapphires but rubies. The word “sapphire” derives from the Latin “sapphirus” and Greek “sappheiros,” likely originating from ancient confusion with blue stones (particularly lapis
EN
Seray Bayraktar