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Teoman Duralı (Şaban Teoman Duralı) is a Turkish philosopher known for his original contributions in the history of philosophy, philosophy of science, and philosophy of biology. Throughout his academic career, Duralı taught at various universities, primarily at Istanbul University, and conducted some of the earliest work in the field of philosophy of biology in Türkiye. His teaching activities and intellectual output have secured him an important place in the Turkish philosophical tradition. Teo

İlhan Tekeli (11 November 1937, İzmir) is a Turkish urban and regional planner, academic, writer and thinker. He is known for his contributions in the fields of urbanism, local governance, urban history, planning theory and social sciences in Türkiye. He is among the academics who significantly contributed to the development of the planning discipline in Türkiye. Early Life and Education İlhan Tekeli was born in İzmir in 1937. He completed his primary and secondary education in İzmir. After grad

Infinite Monkey Theorem is a mathematical thought experiment proposing that, given an infinite time interval or an infinite number of monkeys, a monkey randomly typing on a typewriter will almost certainly produce a specific meaningful text such as the complete works of William Shakespeare (with probability 1). Although its origins are not precisely defined, its conceptual foundations can be traced back to Aristotle’s work Metaphysics; its modern formulation is commonly associated with Émile Bor

Teoman Duralı (Şaban Teoman Duralı) is a Turkish philosopher known for his original contributions in the history of philosophy, philosophy of science, and philosophy of biology. Born on 7 February 1947 in the Kozlu district of Zonguldak, Duralı taught at various universities throughout his academic career, most notably at Istanbul University, where he conducted some of the earliest work in the philosophy of biology in Türkiye. His teaching and intellectual output have secured him a significant p

Society and Technology (KÜME Foundation) " image-element-format="right" image-source="https://cdn.t3pedia.org/media/uploads/2026/02/11/1-toplum-ve-teknoloji-bulteni-TEdwQuOFAXSz3jnUHXnrkT8QrhRL3xfh.png"> Artificial Intelligence and Understanding the Universe Last week, Elon Musk’s artificial intelligence company xAI introduced its new chatbot Grok-3. The model attracted considerable attention for its performance, but what stood out during its launch panel was the team’s slogan: “Our mission i

Medicine: Is it a Science that treats or a Art that preserves life? At first glance this question appears to demand a choice between two options, but as one reflects on the nature of medicine its simplicity fades. For medicine is both a discipline shaped within the objective framework of the scientific method and a practice that engages directly with human experience. In this sense medicine is not merely a technical activity driven by measurable data; it also emerges as an endeavor requiring int