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The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba L.) is the sole surviving member of the order Ginkgoales, whose geological history extends back to the Permian period and whose fossil record shows uninterrupted continuity. Although its natural distribution is restricted to moist valleys in southwestern China, it has persisted in East Asia through temple cultivation spanning over a millennium and since the 18th century in temperate urban landscapes worldwide. Its unusual anatomical features—dichotomously veined fa

Phoneutria fera is a species of spider belonging to the Ctenidae family, found in the tropical forests of South America. This species is particularly present in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Guyana, and Suriname, and is a member of the Phoneutria genus, commonly known as "wandering spiders." P. fera is known for producing a potent neurotoxic venom, which makes it notable in both ecological and pharmacological studies. Behaviorally, it is aggressive and an active hunter; thes